Quantumness speeds up quantum thermodynamics processes.

Quantum thermodynamic process involves manipulating and controlling quantum states to extract energy or perform computational tasks with high efficiency. There is still no efficient general method to theoretically quantify the effect of the quantumness of coherence and entanglement in work extraction. In this work, we propose a thermodynamics speed to quantify the extracting work. We show that the coherence of quantum systems can speed up work extracting with respect to some cyclic evolution beyond all incoherent states. We further show the genuine entanglement of quantum systems may speed up work extracting beyond any bi-separable states. This provides a new thermodynamic method to witness entangled systems with physical quantities.

Experimental study on the effects of water content on the compression characteristics and particle breakage of calcareous sand.

The particle breakage effect and compression characteristics of calcareous sand are related to the water content in the sand material. However, the effects of water content on the particle breakage and compression characteristics of calcareous sand have rarely been investigated. In this work, 50 sets of confined compression tests were conducted on calcareous sand specimens, and the compression characteristics and particle breakage effects of two single-particle-size groups (particle size ranges of 1-0.5 mm and 0.5-0.25 mm) of calcareous sand were investigated under five different water contents. The test results showed that with the increase in the water content, the final compression deformation of calcareous sand was positively correlated with the water content. The final compression deformation decreased when the water content reached a certain value. The water content corresponding to the peak final compression deformation was related to the gradation of the calcareous sand; the specific values were 10% and 15% for particle size ranges of 1-0.5 mm and 0.5-0.25 mm, respectively. With the increase in the water content, the slope of the loading curve of calcareous sand appeared to increase and then decrease, reaching maximum when the water content was 10%. Moreover, the slope of the loading curve was close to twice that of the loading curve of dry sand, whereas the slope of the unloading curve changed little. Under the same water content, the initial gradation had no effect on the compression and unloading characteristics of the specimens beyond a vertical pressure of 1 MPa. The effects of the variation in the water content on the particle breakage of calcareous sand were mainly reflected in the softening effect of water on the specimen particles, which reduced the Mohr strength of the particles.

Investigate the Therapeutic Effect of Ibandronate Sodium on Knee Osteoarthritis Based on TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Vitro and in Vivo.

BACKGROUND: For decades, bisphosphonates have primarily found application in clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of bone metastases associated with malignant tumors and various bone metabolic disorders. However, third-generation bisphosphonates like ibandronate have demonstrated significant utility in addressing conditions like osteoporosis (OA) and other bone metabolism-related ailments. Ibandronate, distinguished by its high effectiveness, low toxicity, and ease of administration, has garnered attention for its potential applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, OA, and orthopedic concerns. In recent years, the utilization of ibandronate sodium in these contexts has sparked considerable interest. Research has pointed to a possible connection between ibandronate and the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, particularly in the context of inflammation and immunological regulation. Consequently, this study is designed to investigate the therapeutic impact of ibandronate on in vitro and in vivo models of knee osteoarthritis, while also delving into its influence on the TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. METHOD: Various dosages of ibandronate sodium, including low (10 g/kg), medium (20 g/kg), and high (30 g/kg), were administered following the establishment of both in vivo and in vitro models of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Post-intervention, an in-depth quantitative analysis of bone tissue microstructure was conducted. The morphology of articular cartilage tissue was observed in vivo, and the modified Mankin score was subsequently calculated. In the in vitro setting, cartilage was entirely isolated, and mRNA and total protein were extracted to measure the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the study explored the effects of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, stromal decomposition enzyme activity, ossification, and the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. RESULT: In the results of the in vivo experiments, several noteworthy findings emerged. The knee curvature, gait score, Mankin score, pathological knee joint injury degree, cartilage protein loss, and trabecular separation within the model group exhibited significant elevations compared to both the sham operation group and the blank control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, bone density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness in the model group displayed lower values in comparison to the sham operation and blank control groups (p < 0.05). Following the administration of ibandronate sodium, there was a progressive improvement in these parameters, with the medium and high-dose groups demonstrating the most favorable outcomes (p < 0.05). Additionally, the model group exhibited the highest expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, while the ibandronate sodium intervention group displayed reduced expression levels of these markers, with the high-dose group registering the most significant changes (p < 0.05). Turning to the in vitro experiments, it was observed that the cell proliferation capacity and ossification degree of the IL-1ß-induced group experienced declines, concomitant with an increase in stromal decomposition enzyme activity and cell apoptosis rate (p < 0.05). However, post-intervention with ibandronate sodium, all these indicators gradually returned to normal, with the medium-dose group exhibiting the most notable improvements. The expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in the IL-1ß-induced group showed an increase, while the expression levels in the ibandronate sodium intervention group displayed a decrease, particularly in the high-dose group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ibandronate sodium demonstrates a protective effect on articular chondrocytes and exhibits the potential to decelerate the pathological progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats. This mechanism is likely achieved through the inhibition of the TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Battery Capacity of Energy-Storing Quantum Systems.

The quantum battery capacity is introduced in this Letter as a figure of merit that expresses the potential of a quantum system to store and supply energy. It is defined as the difference between the highest and the lowest energy that can be reached by means of the unitary evolution of the system. This function is closely connected to the ergotropy, but it does not depend on the temporary level of energy of the system. The capacity of a quantum battery can be directly linked with the entropy of the battery state, as well as with measures of coherence and entanglement.

[Application of 3D printing percutaneous guide plate in closed reduction and cannulated screw internal fixation of femoral neck fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of 3D printing percutaneous surgical guide plate in closed reduction and cannulated screw internal fixation of femoral neck fracture. METHODS: The clinical data of 12 patients with femoral neck fracture from March 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into observation group and control group according to different operation plans, with 6 cases in each group. The observation group received percutaneous operation guide plate assisted closed reduction and hollow screw internal fixation, while the control group received closed reduction and hollow compression screw internal fixation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, and Kirschner needle puncture times were compared between two groups. The location of screws were recordedon postoperative X-ray films, follow-up time, time of complete fracture healing, Harris score of hip joint and the incidence of complications were recorded on postoperative X-ray films. RESULTS: The operation time of observation group (32.17±6.18) min was shorter than that of control group (53.83±7.31) min (P<0.05). The amount of intraoperative bleeding in the observation group (18.33±2.94) ml was less than that in the control group (38.17±5.56) ml(P<0.05). The times of fluoroscopy in the observation group (7.50±1.05) were less than those in the control group (21.00±4.82) (P<0.05). The number of Kirschner needle punctures (8.00±0.63) in observation group was less than that in control group (32.67±3.08) (P<0.05). The follow-up time was(12.88±0.74) months in observation group and (12.83±0.72) months in control group, there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). One year after operation, Harris score of hip joint in the observation group was(82.00±4.52) points, while that in the control group was(81.00±3.41) points, there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). The time of complete fracture healing in the observation group was (7.50±1.05) months, while that in the control group was (7.67±1.21) months, there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). The parallelism of the screws in the observation group was (0.50±0.11) ° and (0.76±0.15) °, which were lower than that in the control group (1.57±0.31) ° and (1.87±0.21) ° (P<0.05). The screw distribution area ratio (0.13±0.02) cm2 in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (0.08±0.01) cm2 (P<0.05). No complications such as necrosis of femoral head, nonunion of fracture, shortening of femoral neck and withdrawal of internal fixation occurred in both groups. CONCLUSION: The application of 3D printing percutaneous surgical guide plate improves the accuracy and safety of closed reduction and cannulated screw internal fixation for femoral neck fracture. It has the advantages of minimally invasive, reducing radiation exposure, fast and accurate, shortening the operation time and reducing intraoperative bleeding.

Blindly verifying partially unknown entanglement.

Quantum entanglement has shown distinguished features beyond any classical state. Many methods have been presented to verify unknown entanglement with the complete information about the density matrices by quantum state tomography. In this work, we aim to identify unknown entanglement with only partial information of the state space. The witness consists of a generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-like paradox expressed by Pauli observables, and a nonlinear entanglement witness expressed by density matrix elements. First, we verify unknown bipartite entanglement and study the robustness of entanglement witnesses against the white noise. Second, we generalize such verification to partially unknown multipartite entangled states, including the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type and W-type states. Third, we give a quantum-information application related to the quantum zero-knowledge proof. It further provides a useful method in blindly verifying universal quantum computation resources. These results may be interesting in entanglement theories, quantum communication, and quantum networks.

Bell nonlocality in networks.

Bell's theorem proves that quantum theory is inconsistent with local physical models. It has propelled research in the foundations of quantum theory and quantum information science. As a fundamental feature of quantum theory, it impacts predictions far beyond the traditional scenario of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. In the last decade, the investigation of nonlocality has moved beyond Bell's theorem to consider more sophisticated experiments that involve several independent sources which distribute shares of physical systems among many parties in a network. Network scenarios, and the nonlocal correlations that they give rise to, lead to phenomena that have no counterpart in traditional Bell experiments, thus presenting a formidable conceptual and practical challenge. This review discusses the main concepts, methods, results and future challenges in the emerging topic of Bell nonlocality in networks.

Analysis of Related Influencing Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis after Lumbar Internal Fixation and Treatment Strategy.

Lumbar internal fixation is a traditional surgical method for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. However, due to its large surgical trauma, it easily causes complications such as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after the operation. DVT refers to the abnormal coagulation of blood in deep veins, blocking the lumen, causing venous blood return disorder, causing venous blood return disorder to cause swelling and pain, which affects the recovery of the patient's lumbar spine function. In severe cases, even complicated pulmonary embolism endangers the life and health of the patient. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore the related influencing factors and effective treatment of DVT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors and effective treatment of DVT after lumbar internal fixation. Univariate analysis and multivariate a logistic regression model were used to analyze the related factors affecting DVT after lumbar internal fixation. Conventional treatments such as anticoagulation, promotion of venous blood return, and improvement of limb circulation were given to patients with DVT, and functional exercise was guided to compare the hypercoagulability and hyperviscosity of blood in patients with DVT before and after treatment. The results showed that the incidence of DVT after lumbar internal fixation was related to age, BMI, and bed time. Getting out of bed for functional exercise in time after surgery can effectively prevent the formation of DVT. Preoperative grading examination, intraoperative intervention, postoperative physical exercise, and other preventive guidance can be carried out according to different individuals during the perioperative period to prevent the formation of postoperative DVT.

The inhibiting effect of glucosamine sulfate combined with loxoprofen sodium on chondrocyte apoptosis in rats with knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate (GS) combined with loxoprofen sodium (LS) in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its effect on chondrocytes. METHODS: We randomly assigned 40 SPF SD rats to normal group (NG), control group (CG), treatment group (TG), and model group (MG). CG and TG were processed with continuous irrigation of LS and GS. NG and MG were given normal saline. We collected 3 mL of venous blood from the rat's lower limb for the detection of serum IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α by ELISA. Four weeks after irrigation, 5 rats in each group were randomly selected for anesthesia. The water content was detected, and the chondrocytes were collected. MTT assay was used to detect apoptosis, and Western blot (WB) to measure concentrations of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase3, Caspase9, TLR4, and NF-kB. RESULTS: The levels of IL-1 ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α decreased in CG and TG, but increased in MG (P<0.05). After treatment, the expression of inflammatory factors was highest in MG (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: GS combined with LS showed good efficacy in rats with knee osteoarthritis, which may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and knee chondrocyte apoptosis via the TLR4-NF-kB pathway.

Tripartite Dynamic Zero-Sum Quantum Games.

The Nash equilibrium plays a crucial role in game theory. Most of results are based on classical resources. Our goal in this paper is to explore multipartite zero-sum game with quantum settings. We find that in two different settings there is no strategy for a tripartite classical game being fair. Interestingly, this is resolved by providing dynamic zero-sum quantum games using single quantum state. Moreover, the gains of some players may be changed dynamically in terms of the committed state. Both quantum games are robust against the preparation noise and measurement errors.

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Pan-Cancer Landscape of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins.

BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are widely involved in cancer development. However, a wealth of conflicting data raises the question of whether BMPs serve as oncogenes or as cancer suppressors. MATERIAL AND METHODS By integrating multi-omics data across cancers, we comprehensively analyzed the genomic and pharmacogenomic landscape of BMP genes across cancers. RESULTS Surprisingly, our data indicate that BMPs are globally downregulated in cancers. Further genetics and epigenetics analyses show that this abnormal expression is driven by copy number variations, especially heterozygous amplification. We next assessed the BMP-associated pathways and demonstrated that they suppress cell cycle and estrogen hormone pathways. Bone morphogenetic protein interacts with 58 compounds, and their dysfunction can induce drug sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results define the landscape of the BMP family at a systems level and open potential therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients.

Quark Transverse Parton Distribution at the Next-to-Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order.

We report a calculation of the perturbative matching coefficients for the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions for quark at the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD, which involves calculation of nonstandard Feynman integrals with rapidity divergence. We introduce a set of generalized integration-by-parts equations, which allows an algorithmic evaluation of such integrals using the machinery of modern Feynman integral calculation.

[Meta analysis of unilateral condylar replacement and high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee].

OBJECTIVE: Meta-analysis was used to compare the clinical efficacy of high tibial osteotomy(HTO) and unicondylar arthroplasty (UKA) in the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis (MIOA) and provide a better surgical choice for patients with MIOA. METHODS: The Cochrane Library (Issue 6, 2017), PubMed, Ovid, ELSIVE, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched by a computer. Literatures on HTO and UKA for MIOA from January 1, 1970 to June 30, 2017, including complications, knee joint score, knee mobility, revision rate and excellent and good rate, were searched and screened out according to the inclusion criteria, and strict quality evaluation was carried out. RevMan 5.0 software provided by Cochrane collaboration network was used to conduct the meta-analysis of the included research results and to test the heterogeneity of the data. RESULTS: Total 13 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the total sample size was 1 043. Among them, 462 were HTO treatment group and 581 were UKA treatment group. By comparison between HTO treatment group and UKA treatment group, there were significant differences in the contralateral deterioration rate[WMD=3.21, 95%CI(1.13, 9.10)], pre-operative knee range of motion[WMD=6.55, 95%CI(1.44, 11.66)], Lysholm knee score[WMD=-3.15, 95%CI(-4.77, -1.53)], complications[WMD=2.78, 95%CI(1.52, 5.11], revision rate[WMD=1.81, 95%CI(1.17, 2.80)], the rate of excellent and good[WMD=0.49, 95%CI(0.30, 0.80)], and femorotibial angle changes[WMD=-2.37, 95%CI, (-3.63, -1.11)](P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the HTO treatment group and the UKA treatment group in patellofemoral deterioration rate[WMD=1.59, 95%CI(0.65, 3.84)] and the free walking speed[WMD=-0.02, 95%CI(-0.09, 0.04)](P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the limited data, high tibial osteotomy is a better choice for the treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis in the comparison of short and medium-term clinical outcomes, and long-term clinical outcomes may need further study.

Computationally Efficient Nonlinear Bell Inequalities for Quantum Networks.

The correlations in quantum networks have attracted strong interest with new types of violations of the locality. The standard Bell inequalities cannot characterize the multipartite correlations that are generated by multiple sources. The main problem is that no computationally efficient method is available for constructing useful Bell inequalities for general quantum networks. In this work, we show a significant improvement by presenting new, explicit Bell-type inequalities for general networks including cyclic networks. These nonlinear inequalities are related to the matching problem of an equivalent unweighted bipartite graph that allows constructing a polynomial-time algorithm. For the quantum resources consisting of bipartite entangled pure states and generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, we prove the generic nonmultilocality of quantum networks with multiple independent observers using new Bell inequalities. The violations are maximal with respect to the presented Tsirelson's bound for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states and GHZ states. Moreover, these violations hold for Werner states or some general noisy states. Our results suggest that the presented Bell inequalities can be used to characterize experimental quantum networks.

Erratum: RETRACTION: Efficient Quantum Transmission in Multiple-Source Networks.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep07627.

Analytical Computation of Energy-Energy Correlation at Next-to-Leading Order in QCD.

The energy-energy correlation (EEC) between two detectors in e^{+}e^{-} annihilation was computed analytically at leading order in QCD almost 40 years ago, and numerically at next-to-leading order (NLO) starting in the 1980s. We present the first analytical result for the EEC at NLO, which is remarkably simple, and facilitates analytical study of the perturbative structure of the EEC. We provide the expansion of the EEC in the collinear and back-to-back regions through next-to-leading power, information which should aid resummation in these regions.

Fast and simple high-capacity quantum cryptography with error detection.

Quantum cryptography is commonly used to generate fresh secure keys with quantum signal transmission for instant use between two parties. However, research shows that the relatively low key generation rate hinders its practical use where a symmetric cryptography component consumes the shared key. That is, the security of the symmetric cryptography demands frequent rate of key updates, which leads to a higher consumption of the internal one-time-pad communication bandwidth, since it requires the length of the key to be as long as that of the secret. In order to alleviate these issues, we develop a matrix algorithm for fast and simple high-capacity quantum cryptography. Our scheme can achieve secure private communication with fresh keys generated from Fibonacci- and Lucas- valued orbital angular momentum (OAM) states for the seed to construct recursive Fibonacci and Lucas matrices. Moreover, the proposed matrix algorithm for quantum cryptography can ultimately be simplified to matrix multiplication, which is implemented and optimized in modern computers. Most importantly, considerably information capacity can be improved effectively and efficiently by the recursive property of Fibonacci and Lucas matrices, thereby avoiding the restriction of physical conditions, such as the communication bandwidth.

Distributed atomic quantum information processing via optical fibers.

The qudit system may offer great flexibilities for quantum information processing. We investigate the possibility of realizing elementary quantum gates between two high-dimensional atoms in distant cavities coupled by an optical fiber. We show that highly reliable special swap gate is achievable by different detuning. The numerical simulation shows that the proposed elementary gate is robust against the atomic spontaneous decay, photon leakage of cavities and optical fibers by choosing the experimental parameters appropriately.

Hybrid threshold adaptable quantum secret sharing scheme with reverse Huffman-Fibonacci-tree coding.

With prevalent attacks in communication, sharing a secret between communicating parties is an ongoing challenge. Moreover, it is important to integrate quantum solutions with classical secret sharing schemes with low computational cost for the real world use. This paper proposes a novel hybrid threshold adaptable quantum secret sharing scheme, using an m-bonacci orbital angular momentum (OAM) pump, Lagrange interpolation polynomials, and reverse Huffman-Fibonacci-tree coding. To be exact, we employ entangled states prepared by m-bonacci sequences to detect eavesdropping. Meanwhile, we encode m-bonacci sequences in Lagrange interpolation polynomials to generate the shares of a secret with reverse Huffman-Fibonacci-tree coding. The advantages of the proposed scheme is that it can detect eavesdropping without joint quantum operations, and permits secret sharing for an arbitrary but no less than threshold-value number of classical participants with much lower bandwidth. Also, in comparison with existing quantum secret sharing schemes, it still works when there are dynamic changes, such as the unavailability of some quantum channel, the arrival of new participants and the departure of participants. Finally, we provide security analysis of the new hybrid quantum secret sharing scheme and discuss its useful features for modern applications.

Quantum computation based on photonic systems with two degrees of freedom assisted by the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity.

Most of previous quantum computations only take use of one degree of freedom (DoF) of photons. An experimental system may possess various DoFs simultaneously. In this paper, with the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity, we investigate the parallel quantum computation dependent on photonic systems with two DoFs. We construct nearly deterministic controlled-not (CNOT) gates operating on the polarization spatial DoFs of the two-photon or one-photon system. These CNOT gates show that two photonic DoFs can be encoded as independent qubits without auxiliary DoF in theory. Only the coherent states are required. Thus one half of quantum simulation resources may be saved in quantum applications if more complicated circuits are involved. Hence, one may trade off the implementation complexity and simulation resources by using different photonic systems. These CNOT gates are also used to complete various applications including the quantum teleportation and quantum superdense coding.